Table 1 Comparison of related studies

Security analysis of IoT devices by using mobile computing: a systematic literature review

Liao B., Ali Y., Nazir S., He L., Khan H.

Conduct in-depth analysis of important messaging/data sharing and service discovery protocols to examine vulnerabilities and CVEs.

Provide a comprehensive IoT application layer protocol security situation and provide a basis for security improvements.

Relying on known vulnerabilities and CVE data may not catch unknown new threats.

Security of IoT application layer protocols: challenges and findings

Nebbione G., Calzarossa M. C.

Propose mobile computing solutions based on hardware and software to address the security challenges of the Internet of Things.

Combining mobile computing and IoT security issues is innovative and provides new directions for future research.

The actual effectiveness of mobile computing solutions needs to be verified.

Big datasets of optical-wireless cyber-physical systems for optimizing manufacturing services in the Internet of Things-enabled industry 4.0

Faheem M., Butt R. A.

Manufacturing process data is collected using optical wireless sensor network and Internet of Things technologies

Improve data collection capabilities with two-way communication technology.

Optical wireless sensor networks are limited by physical environment and distance.

A multichannel distributed routing scheme for smart grid real-time critical event monitoring applications in the perspective of Industry 4.0.

Faheem M., Butt R. A., Raza B., Ashraf W. M., Ngadi M. A., Gungor V. C.

The CARP distributed routing protocol was developed, including cooperative channel allocation and multi-hop routing strategies. EstiNet 9.0 was used to conduct simulation experiments to evaluate the performance of the CARP protocol.

An innovative CARP protocol is proposed, which is expected to improve performance. Quickly evaluate performance through simulation and reduce actual deployment costs.

Simulation results may be affected by environmental constraints.

Big Data acquired by Internet of Things-enabled industrial multichannel wireless sensors networks for active monitoring and control in the smart grid Industry 4.0

Faheem M., Fizza G., Ashraf M. W., Butt R. A., Ngadi M. A., Gungor V. C.

The CARP algorithm set is introduced to solve the challenge of providing high-quality power in the highly unstable global market of SGI 4.0.

The CARP algorithm performs well in smart grid applications and has the potential to improve the monitoring and real-time control of power generation and distribution processes.

Scalability and practical application scenarios need more discussion.